相關服務
載體構建 
質粒DNA制備 
病毒包裝服務 
mRNA基因遞送解決方案 
CRISPR基因編輯解決方案 
shRNA基因敲低解決方案 

哺乳動物gRNA/MS2表達慢病毒載體

概述

CRISPR/Cas9載體屬于幾種(z技章hǒng)新興的基因組編輯工具之一,可以快速有效地在好在基因組的靶位點産生突變(另外兩(liǎng科可)種(zhǒng)應用廣泛的是ZFN和TALE在哥N)。

Cas9屬于RNA引導的DNA核酸酶,是天然原核免疫系統的一我機部分,賦予細菌對(duì)質粒和噬菌體等外源遺傳物質的抗性。在細胞内,C服好as9核酸酶與引導RNA(gRNA)形成(ché藍物ng)複合物,該複合物通過(guò)與基因組中的18謝章-22 nt的同源靶序列直接相互作用提供靶向(xiàng要花)特異性。gRNA與靶位點通過(guò)互補但司配對(duì)使Cas9定位到靶序列上,然後(hòu)切割基因山笑組中的靶位點。

協同激活介質(SAM)系統是用于轉錄激活内源性基因的強大工具。該系統麗得源自CRISPR/Cas9基因組編輯系統,但不具吃相有基因組編輯功能(néng),是一種(zhǒng)可指導在靶位點動玩進(jìn)行多組分轉錄激活複合物(SAM複也低合物)組裝的修飾型gRNA。通常,SAM複合物的組裝足以誘導靶位點強烈的轉錄外分激活。

展開(kāi) >>

完整的SAM系統包含三個組分,每個組分分别由單獨的慢病毒載體提供:g玩頻RNA/MS2表達載體,MS2/P65/HSF1和dCas9/VP64輔助載西地體。

將(jiāng)用戶定制的gRNA序列克隆到g藍離RNA/MS表達載體。在該載體中,經(jīn畫子g)修飾的gRNA包括兩(liǎng)個138-n森如t發(fā)夾RNA适體,形成(chéng)噬菌農銀體MS2衣殼蛋白的結合位點。這(zhè)些發(fā)夾RNA适體與gRNA連錢費接,有利于高效募集MS2-融合蛋白。

MS2/P65/HSF1輔助載體驅動由MS2,p65(NF-kB的反式激活少謝亞基)和HSF1(人熱休克因子1的激活結構域)組成(chéng)的三結構域從的融合蛋白的表達。

dCas9/VP64輔助載體驅動催化失活變體dCas木拍9和合成(chéng)型VP64反式激活結構域融合蛋白的表達。

當這(zhè)三種(zhǒng)載體共轉導細胞時(shí),用戶定制的g音還RNA可能(néng)會(huì)募集MS2亮技/P65/HSF1(通過(guò)MS2結合發(fā)夾紙樹适體與gRNA連接)和dCas9/VP64(通過(guò)C少業RISPR/Cas9複合物組裝) 到gRN低喝A靶位點,從而組裝出強大的SAM複合物。 這(zhè冷飛)些SAM複合物可通過(guò)VP64,p65和HSF1激活結木醫構域之間的協同相互作用實現靶位點的強烈轉錄激活。

該載體系統主要設計用于基因組的大規美輛模篩選,使用gRNA序列文庫來産做熱生gRNA/MS2表達載體文庫。同時(shí),該系如一統也可用于激活單個或一系列基因的轉錄。

關于該載體系統的更多信息,請參考以下文獻。玩理

參考文獻主題
Nature. 517:583 到頻(2015)Description of the SAM s內媽ystem
EMBO J. 12:595 (1993吃坐)The RNA binding site of b可開acteriophage MS2 coat protein
Biochem Soc Trans. 36:603 (2008)The p65 activation domain
Redox Biol. 2:535 (2014)The HSF1 activa習河tion domain
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95:14一快628 (1998)The VP64 activation domain
收起(qǐ)
亮點

該慢病毒gRNA/MS2表達載體系統利用了gRNA指導的活化複合物在靶位點組裝他能的特性,用于内源基因組靶位點的轉錄激活。

試驗驗證

圖1 基于慢病毒的CRISPRa系統的基因上調表又好達效果。(A)SAM複合物示意圖。首先向(xiàng)輛坐NIH3T3細胞共轉導兩(liǎng)種(zh友愛ǒng)分别攜帶dCas9:VP64和M中歌S2:P65:HSF1的慢病毒,進(jìn)行抗性篩選爸算。然後(hòu)使用遞送msgRNA的第三種(zhǒng)慢病會問毒轉導細胞,并用另一種(zhǒng)抗生素進(jì術身n)行篩選。(B)針對(duì)靶向(xiàng)mBrn2基因啓為個動子區域而設計的msgRNA。(C) 通過(guò)qR著唱T-PCR測量mBrn2的相對(duì)基因表廠會達,量化了使用Scramble、msgRNA以及空白對(duì)冷友照(NC)轉導的并經(jīng)過(guò)抗性篩選的NIH3T麗都3細胞中mBrn2轉錄産物表達量。Mean±SD,*P&l時能t;0.05,Turkey事(shì)後去日(hòu)檢驗。

優勢

内源基因組背景:SAM系統可以激活内源基因組靶位點的白樂轉錄。與轉基因和基因編輯技術不同,該技術方法不會(huì)數空涉及改變靶基因位點基因組序列。

獨立的調控手段: 使用SAM載體系統靶向(xiàng)轉媽男錄激活基因并不需要預先了解目的基因的天然調控機理,但需要知道(dào)兵兵靶位點DNA序列的準确信息。

強烈激活:使用SAM系統轉錄激活的基因通常得到非常高水平的表達。

不足之處

技術複雜:使用慢病毒載體時(shí),需要在包裝細胞中産生活病毒,女技然後(hòu)測定病毒滴度。因此慢病毒轉染相對(duì)于常規質粒轉染區年,技術難度更高,周期更長(cháng)。

需要多個載體:該載體系統需要gRNA/MS2、MS2/P65/HSF1和dCas9相從/VP64共表達,并且這(zhè)些組分歸屬于不同的載體。

特異性:基于SAM的基因靶向(xiàng)激活方法相對線山(duì)較新,目前還(hái)市個沒(méi)有關于使用gRNA/MS2 RNA靶向(xiàn月南g)特異性的詳細報道(dào)。

載體關鍵元件

RSV promoter: Rous sarcoma vir作但us promoter. It drives t兵訊ranscription of viral RNA 文少in packaging cells. This用你 RNA is then packag雪友ed into live virus.

Δ5' LTR: A deleted version of the 校我HIV-1 5' long terminal repeat熱腦. In wildtype lentivirus, 5' LTR 裡器and 3' LTR are essentially ident新美ical in sequence. Th志通ey reside on two ends of the vira舊是l genome and point in the 的吃same direction. Upon viral integrat志你ion, the 3' LTR sequence is copi火吧ed onto the 5' LT船得R. The LTRs carry b間站oth promoter and polyadenylation fu知報nction, such that in wildtype vi藍件rus, the 5' LTR acts as a pr厭房omoter to drive the transcri年土ption of the viral genome, while 行數the 3' LTR acts as a polyadenylatio很綠n signal to terminate the upstream 匠間transcript. On our vect開厭or, Δ5' LTR is deleted for a regio動湖n that is required for the 姐靜LTR's promoter activity norm明明ally facilitated by the vi如爸ral transcription fact志制or Tat. This does not affect the從紅 production of vi通冷ral RNA during pack爸門aging because the promoter func玩小tion is supplemented by什自 the RSV promoter enginee你請red upstream of Δ5' LTR.

Ψ: HIV-1 packaging signal required f車中or the packaging of viral R新爸NA into virus.

RRE: HIV-1 Rev response el關術ement. It allows the nuclear機民 export of viral R河唱NA by the viral Rev 書裡protein during viral packagin東小g.

cPPT: HIV-1 Central polypurine t小議ract. It creates a "DNA fla著城p" that increases nuclear imp內音ort of the viral genom河得e during target cell船跳 infection. This improves vect區湖or integration into the host geno司黑me, resulting in higher tra對務nsduction efficiency.女務

U6 promoter: This drives high leve數得l expression of the gRNA.

gRNA: Allows in vitro t和歌ranscription for RNA preparation. S土下caffold gRNA sequence is included.

MS2 scaffold: This hairpin apt麗現amer sequence binds robu都湖stly to fusion protein知唱s containing the MS業票2 bacteriophage coat protein姐窗s.

Terminator: Terminates transcrip藍話tion of the gRNA.

hPGK promoter: Human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 ge日暗ne promoter. It drives the ubiqu友些itous expression the downst服要ream marker gene.

Marker: A drug selection gene (such 見場as neomycin resistance), a vis短錢ually detectable gene (such as EG吃中FP), or a dual-reporte學喝r gene (such as EGFP/N間年eo). This allows cells transduced w去吃ith the vector t開音o be selected and/or v短購isualized.

WPRE: Woodchuck hepatiti可用s virus posttranscriptional 要自regulatory element. It enhances們白 transcriptional termination in the 3' 北海LTR during viral工店 RNA transcription, which leads to拍村 higher levels of functional v件火iral RNA in pac金什kaging cells and 電月hence greater viral titer. It also e服我nhances transcriptional termination新分 during the transcription通銀 of the user's gene of interest on 南煙the vector, leadin又個g to their higher expression lev呢短els.

ΔU3/3' LTR: A truncated version of國市 the HIV-1 3' long terminal repeat t從要hat deletes the U3花醫 region. This leads to the self-inactiv和農ation of the promoter 船關activity of the 5' LTR upon vira河煙l vector integration into the host唱開 genome (due to the fact th和唱at 3' LTR is copied onto 5' LTR during 光能viral integration). The polya大樹denylation signal c慢區ontained in ΔU3/3' LTR serves to termin風用ates all upstream transcri日大pts produced bo匠花th during viral pa煙雜ckaging and aft弟習er viral integration in章場to the host genome.

SV40 early pA: Simian virus 40 early polyadenyla問工tion signal. It人地 further facilitat技了es transcriptional termination afte服高r the 3' LTR during 制跳viral RNA transcri街土ption during packaging.問光 This elevates the lev大事el of functional viral RNA in電船 packaging cells, thus improving vira我物l titer.

Ampicillin: Ampicillin resistance gene. It allow男黃s the plasmid to be maintained by資員 ampicillin sel門好ection in E. coli.

pUC ori: pUC origin of replication. Plasmids c是市arrying this origin exist in high co暗離py numbers in E. 間高coli.